All camera lens apertures are controlled by a metal-bladed iris. The size of the iris can be set by the photographer using the standard aperture scale, which begins at 1, (the maximum aperture) and decreases on a logarithmic scale that is based on the square root of 2, which has the value 1.4142.
The trick really is to use an aperture with a shutter speed that gives the correct exposure. Fortunately, with today's digital cameras all you need to do is to select the appropriate aperture and the camera's electronics will select the correct shutter speed to give the right exposure.
This will always happen on a D-SLR that is set to Aperture Priority mode. If you want to get creative you can always put a D-SLR in Manual mode and independently set both the aperture and the shutter speed. Normally you choose the aperture first, and then set the shutter speed. If you do it in reverse it will not work.
You need to understand that when selecting large apertures you will always produce photos that have a shallow depth-of-field. This means that the background in particular and sometimes the foreground of a subject is out of focus. This result is ideal for portrait images, and when you do not want any distraction in a scene.
If you need much more of the image to be in focus you will need to select a smaller aperture. Unfortunately, a smaller aperture means that there will be less light entering the lens and therefore the shutter speed will be automatically reduced to maintain a good exposure.
A slower shutter speed means that there is more chance of experiencing camera shake, which inevitably leads to image blurring. It is a fine balancing act really. Either you lose depth-of-field to attain the right exposure, or you get blurring because there is not enough light.
However, there is a neat way around this problem. To reduce the risk of image blurring all you need to do is to set your camera on a bean bag or tripod, then use a remote release cable or the camera's timer, and away you go.
Lens aperture measurements are really fractions of the len's focal length and are expressed as f/numbers, like f/2.8, f/5.g, f/16, etc. These are also called f/stops, or just stops. The larger the f/number, the smaller is the aperture. So an aperture of f/22 is a lot smaller than one of f/6.3.
You can easily master lens aperture providing you follow the proven principles in this article. Mastering lens aperture is not difficult - it can be done. Use these strategies and very soon you could be the expert photographer you know you can be.
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